Midwest Agriculture: The Untapped Feedstock Powerhouse for U.S. Biofuels

The American Midwest, often called the nation’s breadbasket, is also becoming a critical hub for sustainable fuel feedstocks. Corn stover, soybean oil, and animal fats—byproducts of the region’s vast agricultural output—are increasingly being used to produce renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

States like Iowa, Illinois, and Nebraska are leading the way. For example, Iowa alone produces over 4 million tons of corn stover annually, much of which could be converted into cellulosic ethanol or advanced biofuels. Similarly, soybean oil, once a surplus product, is now in high demand for renewable diesel production.

However, challenges remain. Collecting and transporting agricultural residues without harming soil health requires careful planning. Farmers need incentives and technical support to participate in feedstock supply chains. Additionally, feedstock certification—such as ISCC or RSB—ensures sustainability but adds complexity.

With targeted investment in logistics, preprocessing, and farmer education, the Midwest could become the backbone of America’s sustainable fuel economy.